![]() General relativity, when combined with quantum mechanics, suffers from several problems and paradoxes when applied to very short distances or to black holes. The Standard Model is based on a complicated pattern of particles and forces, similar to the Periodic Table of the elements, and this pattern must be explained. In the twentieth century, very successful theories of each were discovered: the Standard Model of matter and the general theory of relativity. Two of the central questions in physics are the nature of matter and the nature of gravity. This theory has not yet been experimentally tested, but it has attracted the attention of theoretical physicists from a wide range of fields because it unifies many of the central concepts of physics and resolves a number of longstanding theoretical problems. It is based on the idea that the basic building blocks of nature are strings, one-dimensional objects of zero thickness, which form either closed loops or open curves (Figure 1). There is also a close cooperation with other research groups in The Netherlands via the joint Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics.String theory is a proposed unified theory of fundamental physics, incorporating both particle physics and gravity. The String Theory Group is jointly supported by the Institute for Theoretical Physics and the Korteweg-de Vries Institute for Mathematics of the Faculty of Science. The Amterdam String Theory Group is well-known for its important contributions to this fascinating subject. The power of a holographic duality lies in the fact that the regime where one of the two dual theories becomes unreliable is precisely the point the the other becomes reliable again, and vice versa. That is, each theory has its own range of applicability, outside of which the theoretical predictions become unreliable. Each theoretical description of a physical system has its limitations. #All about strings theory how to#The dual quantum field theory is `ordinary' in the sense that it doesn't involve gravity, which means that we know, at least conceptually, how to compute physical quantities. A holographic duality relates two vastly different theories it translates a (quantum) theory of gravity to an ordinary quantum field theory. The reason why we use the word `holography' is that one theory is defined in one dimension higher than the other, in the same way that a hologram is a three-dimensional image that is generated by a flat two-dimensional surface. Holography is an example of a duality, which is a relation between two different theories that turn out to describe the same physical system as though they were two different sides of the same coin. Modern-day string theory focuses on a very broad range of subjects, many of which are in one way or another related to the concept of holography. In string theory all the forces and particles emerge in an elegant geometrical way, realizing Einstein's ultimate dream of building everything from the geometry of space-time. String theory answers fundamental questions about the symmetries of nature, the quantum behavior of black holes, the existence and breaking of supersymmetry, and the quantum treatment of singularities. String theory is the most promising theory that unifies all particles and forces in nature, including gravity, in a way consistent with the laws of quantum mechanics and relativity. String Theory - IoP - University of Amsterdam icon-ENvlag icon-LinkedIn icon-NLvlag icon-arrow-curved icon-arrow-left icon-arrow-right icon-bullhorn icon-calendar-source icon-calendar icon-checkmark icon-chevron icon-clock icon-close icon-download icon-externallink icon-facebook icon-feedback icon-filters icon-flickr icon-google-plus icon-gridview icon-hamburger icon-hat icon-heart icon-instagram icon-internallink icon-lang-en icon-lang-nl icon-language icon-listview icon-loading icon-mail icon-menu icon-mobile icon-notification-error icon-notification-info icon-pencil icon-phone icon-pin icon-pinterest icon-playbtn icon-rss icon-search icon-send icon-twitter icon-upload icon-usp-alarm icon-usp-award icon-usp-bullseye icon-usp-calendar icon-usp-city-amsterdam icon-usp-city-skyline icon-usp-clock-half icon-usp-clock icon-usp-deadline icon-usp-degree icon-usp-fieldwork icon-usp-focus-document-alt icon-usp-focus-document icon-usp-focus-formula icon-usp-focus-thread icon-usp-hat icon-usp-lab icon-usp-law icon-usp-money-stacks icon-usp-money icon-usp-order-alt icon-usp-order icon-usp-person-blank icon-usp-person-female icon-usp-person-male icon-usp-persons-blank icon-usp-persons-gender icon-usp-ribbon icon-usp-signpost icon-usp-training-1 icon-usp-training-2 icon-usp-world icon-whatsapp icon-youtube icon-zoom-in ![]()
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